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Plight of Sri Lanka's desperate refugees

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Plight of Sri Lanka's desperate refugees

By Dumeetha Luthra

BBC News, Mannar

I first met Maduraweeran Kantharajah in a navy camp with his family.

They had been caught the night before trying to escape from northern Sri Lanka across the 30km (18-mile) stretch of water from Mannar to southern India.

He had sold everything he owned for the desperate journey away from the island's growing conflict.

Hundreds of Tamil civilians have now made that crossing into the state of Tamil Nadu. Many more want to do likewise and flee violence in the east of the country.

Meagre belongings

Maduraweeran paid $650 (£353) to smugglers in Mannar.

It is the country's closest point to its giant neighbour, and has become a transit point for slipping under cover of darkness into India.

However, it is a treacherous and dangerous trip. The boats are small fishing vessels which should carry no more than 10 people, but the smugglers, keen to maximise profits, pack them in.

Sometimes there is no room to sit down, with as many as 20 people standing huddled with their meagre belongings.

They cross at night, when the waters can be rough and, as Maduraweeran found to his cost, the navy are constantly patrolling.

After spending a night in the navy barracks he was transferred with his family to the camp where some 200 people were staying. Many have tried the crossing and failed, some have died.

Govindar Rajkumar lost eight of his relatives. However, like all the others here, the fisherman is planning to try again.

"We have small children, we have a family. If something happens it's hard to run. We don't know where the shots will come from and where they'll go, we have to find safety."

Despite the dangers of the crossing, they all believe it's worth the risk - that it's better to face the possibility of death at sea than the constant suffering of war.

All out war

Maduraweeran broke down and cried when he told me about his fears. He only had $60 left, but was desperate to get his family out. "We have no protection here, we don't have any peace."

War has already forced them to move five times since 1990. His children are growing up. With pride he described how his 14-year-old son was the head of the school cricket team. He wants a future for them and does not feel Sri Lanka can offer it.

"We've been constantly displaced, we've lost hope. Now the children are growing and we have to do something... We cannot move again, that's why we're going to India."

At the camp it is not an uncommon story. The crumbling ceasefire and the real possibility of an all-out war between the government and Tamil Tiger rebels are too scary to contemplate.

Tamil civilians have two options - go to areas controlled by the rebels or flee the country.

Since the beginning of the year the UN says more than 3,500 have chosen the latter course and made it across the waters to India.

Deteriorating situation

During the last war, tens of thousands took this route. Reverend Dalima runs a school camp next to his church providing shelter for those fleeing. He is concerned that history will repeat itself.

"Before 2,000, a lot of people went to India," he said. "If war starts again the same amount will go to India. It's the same story, what happened in the past will happen again if the fighting continues."

There is one group who are not doing badly from the deteriorating situation. It is the smugglers. Behind a gated house, I met one, called Chandran. A Tamil, he says he is helping people for humanitarian reasons, but there is no doubt that it also happens to be highly profitable as well.

"I earn in one trip the same as I would in a month as a fisherman. Normally I go to sea, my wife and kids help with the nets. At times there's little to eat. But with this, just one trip is enough."

A week after I met him, Madurweeran and his family along with most of the others in the camp successfully crossed into India.

There is no doubt it offers a brighter future and the boat trip is all that stands in the way.

Sri Lankans are used to war, the people here have become accustomed to thinking about death. They just want to choose how they have to face it.

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5144858.stm

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