கைப்பர் ஜெட்-லண்டனில் இருந்து சிட்னி 2 மணி நேரத்தில்.

[narathar]

கிழே இணைப்பப் பட்டிருக்கும் கட்டுரை கைப்பர் ஜெட் பற்றிய அண்மைய பரிசோதனைகளைச் சொல்கிறது.கைப்பர் ஜெட் என்பது ஒலியின் வேகத்தைவிட ஏழுமுதல் பத்துவரையான வேகத்தில் இயங்கும் விமானங்களைக் குறிக்கும்.இவற்றை உந்தித் தள்ளுவது சுபர்சோனிக் ராம் ஜெட் என்னும் எஞ்சின்.

ராம் ஜெட் என்பது காற்றை உள்வாங்கி அதனை அமுக்கத்திற்கு உள்ளாக்கி, பின்னர் எரியூட்டி விரிவடயவைத்து ,பின்னர் வெளியேற்றியினால் உந்தித் தள்ளும் ஜெட் இயந்திரம்.இதற்கும் இன்றய ஜெட் எஞ்சின்களுக்கும் இருக்கும் அடிப்படை வித்தியாசம் காற்று அழுத்தத்தை உருவாக்குவதற்கு கொம்ப்ரசர் என்னும் சுழலும் பாகம் பாவிக்கப் படுவதில்லை.முன் நோக்கிச் செல்லும் இயந்திரத்தினுள் காற்றானது அறயப்பட்டு அமுக்கத்திற்கு ஆளாகிறது.இதனாலயே அதி கூடிய அழுத்த வித்தியாசம் உருவாக்கப் பட்டு ,அதி வேகமுடய வெளியேற்றத்திற்கு உள்ளாகிறது.இந்த அதி கூடிய வேகமே ,விமானத்தை அதி கூடிய வேகத்தில் உந்தித் தள்ளுகிறது.சுழலும் பாகங்களை உடய இயந்திரத்தினால் இத்தினை கூடிய வேகத்தைப் பெற முடியாது.

சரி இதனால் எமக்கு என்ன பயன் என்றால் வருங் காலத்தில் அதி வேகம் கூடிய இந்த விமானங்களினால் இரண்டு மணித்தியாலங்களில் சிட்னியில் இருந்து லண்டனுக்கு வரலாம்,செயற்கைக் கோள்களை மிகக் குறைந்த விலையில் விண்ணில் ஏவலாம்.அத்தோடு அதிக தூரம் செல்லும் அதி கூடிய வேக முடைய ஏவுகணைகளை வடிவமைக்கலாம்.இவ்வாறான காரணங்களாலயே பல நாடுகளும் இதற்கான ஆராச்சிகளில் ஈடுபட்டு வருகின்றன.

Hypersonic jet ready for launch

Jonathan Fildes

BBC News science and technology reporter

The launch will be the third for the Hyshot consortium

A new jet engine design able to fly seven times the speed of sound is to be test fired over Australia on Friday.

The scramjet engine, known as Hyshot III, has been designed by British defence firm Qinetiq.

If successful, it could pave the way for ultrafast, intercontinental air travel, and substantially cut the cost of putting small payloads into space.

The engine will launch on a rocket owned and operated by the University of Queensland.

It is the first of three test flights planned for this year by the international Hyshot consortium.

The first Hyshot engine was launched in 2001 but the test flight failed when the rocket carrying the engine flew off course.

Simple engines

A supersonic combustion ramjet, or scramjet, is mechanically very simple. It has no moving parts and takes all of the oxygen it needs to burn hydrogen fuel from the air.

This makes it more efficient than conventional rocket engines as they do not need to carry their own oxygen supply, meaning that any vehicle could potentially carry a larger payload.

However scramjets do not begin to work until they reach five times the speed of sound.

You're dealing with extremes of conditions. You've got to expect things to go wrong

Dr Allan Paull, University of Queensland

At this speed the air passing through the engine is compressed and hot enough for ignition to occur. Rapid expansion of the exhaust gases creates the forward thrust.

To reach the critical speed, Hyshot III will be strapped to the front of a conventional rocket and blasted to an altitude of 330km before being allowed to plummet back to Earth.

On its descent the engine is expected to reach a top speed of Mach 7.6 or over 9,000km/ hour.

Making sure the flight happens correctly is incredibly difficult, according to Dr Allan Paull, project leader of the Hyshot programme at the University of Queensland.

See the scramjet experiment in detail

"You are dealing with extremes of conditions. You're working out on the edge and with a lot of the stuff no one has ever tried [it] before," he told the BBC News website. "You've got to expect things to go wrong".

If everything goes to plan, the experiment will begin at a height of 35km. As the engine continues its downward path the fuel in the scramjet is expected to automatically ignite.

The scientists will then have just six seconds to monitor its performance before the £1m engine eventually crashes into the ground.

New design

The scramjet will not provide forward thrust during the flight, necessary if the engine is ever to power a vehicle. But the test will be enough to show that burning starts automatically and to verify trials already done in a wind tunnel.

Nasa's X-43A holds the current speed record

"The wind tunnels operate for milliseconds," Dr Paull explained. "The difficulty is whether or not you can even see the supersonic combustion in this period of time."

Although the Qinetiq engine has never left the ground it is more realistic than previous Hyshot experiments.

It has a more efficient air intake on the front and can operate over a greater range of speeds. It also scoops air into the combustion chamber at a lower temperature, closer to that needed in a commercially useful engine.

If the test flight is successful, it will be followed four days later by the test flight of another Hyshot engine designed by the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (Jaxa). This will be followed in June by the launch of an engine that will fly at Mach 10, designed by the Australian Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO).

Commercial reality

The Hyshot tests will bring the idea of a commercial scramjet one step closer to reality.

In the first instance these would probably be used to launch satellites into low earth orbit but many have speculated that they could also allow passenger airlines to fly between London and Sydney in just 2 hours.

Although this vision maybe many years off, it was given a huge boost when Nasa successfully flew its X-43A plane over the Pacific Ocean in 2004. The unmanned aircraft flew at 10 times the speed of sound, a new world speed record.

The team at the University of Queensland is also currently designing a vehicle that can fly under its own power.

If the plane works, it could be flying over the Australian desert within the next two years

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/483225...254.stm#graphic

[Niththila]

தகவலுக்கு நன்றி அங்கிள்

இது பயணிகள் விமான பயணத்துக்கு பயன்பட இன்னும் எவ்வளவு காலம் செல்லுமோ விரைவில பயன்பாட்டுக்கு வந்தா எவ்வளவு நல்லம்

[kurukaalapoovan]

ஓம் ஓம் commercial passenger supersonic jet market வந்து நல்லாய் thrive பண்ணுது கண்டியளோ

hypersonic passenger jet செய்தா அதிலதான் எல்லாரும் பறக்க நிப்பினம்.

http://www.geocities.com/innovating_compet...vely/aerospace/

[Rasikai]

தகவலுக்கு நன்றி அண்ணா

[narathar]

கைபர்சொனிக் விமானம் இன்று பல நாடுகளில் பல ஆராச்சி நிறுவனங்களால் கணணியில் வெர்டுயல் மொடல் ஆக வடிவமைக்கப் பட்டு வருகிறது,இது இன்னும் ஒரு இருபது,முப்பது வருடங்களில் தொழில் நுட்ப ரீதியாக நிதர்சனமாகக் கூடியது. ஆனால் உலகத்தில் எண்ணை வளம், மாற்று எரிபொருள் போன்ற கரணிகளால் இவை முற்றிலுமாக வேறு வடிவங்களை எடுக்கலாம்.ஈற்றில் கொன்கோட்ட் கைவிடப்பட்டதைப் போல் இந்த முயற்சிகளும் எதுவித பயனை அழிக்காமலும் இருக்கலாம்.ஆனால் இராணுவ ரீதியாக இது மேற்கத்திய நாடுகளுக்கு உலகை தமது கைக்குள் வைத்திருக்க மிகப் பெரிய வல்லமையை வழங்கும்.

http://www.llnl.gov/str/Carter.html

Hypersonic flight at speeds 5 to 12 times the speed of sound (Mach 5 to Mach 12) is one such area of interest to the commercial and defense communities.

At Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, aerospace engineer Preston Carter has invented a concept for a next-generation hypersonic aircraft, dubbed HyperSoar, that could fly efficiently, economically, and cleanly.

Flying at Mach 10 (3 kilometers per second), HyperSoar could reach any point on the globe within two hours. (The fastest military plane, the SR-71, flies between Mach 3 and Mach 4, while the commercial Concorde only reaches Mach 2.) HyperSoar would also have twice the fuel efficiency of commercial airliners, be three to five times more efficient in putting satellites in space than today's launch systems, and use liquid hydrogen fuel, which produces simple water vapor when burned.

HyperSoar-a concept-development project funded through Livermore's Physics Directorate and the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program-could transport people or cargo, strike enemy targets, or help put satellites into space. "The fact that HyperSoar has many potential uses is key," says Carter. "Developing an entirely new aircraft is expensive. However, if there is a large market for such an aircraft, the cost per plane goes down. It's like the difference between a 747 and the Stealth bomber. There are hundreds of Boeing 747s being used by commercial airline companies, airfreight companies, and so on. But the only market for the Stealth is the military, which only needs a few. That's why you'll never see a Stealth being built for much less than they cost today."

[narathar]

நசாவால் வடிவமைக்கப்பட்ட பட்ட X - 43 என்னும் பரீட்சார்த்த விமானமே மாக் 9.6(ஒலியின் வேகத்தை விட ஒன்பது தசம் ஆறு) வேகத்தை அடைந்து உலக சாதனை படைத்துள்ளது.அதோடு கீழ உள்ள படங்களில் ஒன்று தற்போது விமானங்களில் பாவனயில் உள்ள ஜெட் எஞ்சின் ஒன்றினதும், ஸ்கிராம் ஜெட் எஞ்சின் ஒன்றினதும் வெட்டுமுகத் தோற்றத்தைக் காட்டுகின்றது.

It's Official. X-43A Raises the Bar to Mach 9.6

Guinness World Records recognized NASA's X-43A scramjet with a new world speed record for a jet-powered aircraft - Mach 9.6, or nearly 7,000 mph. The X-43A set the new mark and broke its own world record on its third and final flight on Nov. 16, 2004.

In March 2004, the X-43A set the previous record of Mach 6.8 (nearly 5,000 mph). The fastest air-breathing, manned vehicle, the U.S. Air Force SR-71, achieved slightly more than Mach 3.2. The X-43A more than doubled, then tripled, the top speed of the jet-powered SR-71.

http://www.nasa.gov/missions/research/x43-main.html

[narathar]

அமெரிக்க ராணுவத்திற்காக போயிங்,மைக்ரொசொfட் முதலிய நிறுவனங்களின் கூட்டு முயற்ச்சியால் வடிவமைக்கப் பட்டு வரும் கய்ப்லோ என்னும் கைபெர்சோனிக் ஏவுகணை பற்றிய விபரங்கள்.

The objective of the HyFly program is to mature the Dual Combustion Ramjet (DCR) hypersonic missile concept. Flight tests feature a missile configuration that is compatible with launch from surface ships and submarines as well as US Navy and US Air Force aircraft. Further development of HyFly to operational status will result in a weapon that could revolutionize our ability to rapidly respond to identified threats hundreds of miles away.

Boeing, the prime contractor for HyFly, and GenCorp Aerojet, who will manufacture the engines, are developing the hypersonic strike missile demonstrator. The HyFly program is being performed by a team consisting of The Boeing Co. of St. Louis; Aerojet of Sacramento, Calif.; The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Md.; and Naval Air Warfare Center at China Lake, Calif. The engine is a dual combustion ramjet engine developed by The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory under ONR's Hypersonic Weapon Technology program.

The ultimate goals of the program are to demonstrate a vehicle range of 600 nautical miles with a block speed of 4,400 feet per sec, maximum sustainable cruise speed in excess of Mach 6, and the ability to deploy a simulated or surrogate submunition.

Recently demonstrated performance in ground testing of the Dual Combustion Ramjet (DCR) engine coupled with advances in high temperature, light weight aerospace materials are enabling technologies for this program. The program will pursue a dual approach. The core program will focus on development and demonstration of capabilities requisite for and operational weapon. A separate effort will be performed in parallel to demonstrate advanced propulsion technologies and develop low-cost test techniques. DARPA is negotiating with the Navy to establish a joint program to pursue areas of the hypersonics program that would be relevant to maritime applications.

http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/sys...tions/hyfly.htm

[narathar]

இந்தியாவின் இசுறோவும் இந்த கைபெர்சோனிக் எஞ்சின் ஆராச்சிகளில் ஈட்டுபட்டு வருகிறது.இந்த தொழில் நுட்பத்தின் இராணுவ, மற்றும் பொருளாதார முக்கியத்துவம் கருதுயே பல நாடுகளும் ,இதில் அதிக கரிசனை எடுத்து வருகின்றன.

Scramjet: ISRO makes major breakthrough

Our Bureau

Bangalore , Jan. 11

NATIONAL space agency ISRO said it has achieved an early step in the race for low-cost, reusable space vehicle technology with a brief demonstration of its scramjet (supersonic combustion ramjet).

"As such technologies are in a very nascent stage of development the world over, ISRO considers this achievement as a major technology breakthrough in air-breathing propulsion," an ISRO release said.

Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSCC), Thiruvananthapuram, has designed, developed and tested the scramjet as part of the ongoing work on air-breathing propulsion. VSSC demonstrated the scramjet for seven seconds at Mach 6 (six times the speed of sound) through a series of ground tests.

The complex air-breathing rockets under development use atmospheric oxygen during flight, while today's rockets carry both the oxygen and the fuel. As such they will be lighter, more efficient and cost some 15 times less than the conventional ones.

The next step would be to test it on ground at Sriharikota, enhance to Mach 10 and then on a Rohini sounding rocket, "which would be a major achievement," a spokesman said. An actual rocket using this technology would be at least 10 years away.

According to the release, "Other than US, which has recently carried out in-flight demonstration of supersonic combustion for a short duration (at a record Mach 10), work related to supersonic combustor designs in Japan, China, Russia, Australia, Europe and others are either in their initial or ground testing phase."

Current launchers cannot be re-used. The cost per kg of payload of such systems is a high $12,000-15,000 per kg. To make space transport more affordable, this cost has to be cut to $500-1,000 per kg. It will need both, a reusable and recoverable system and a more efficient propulsion system like air-breathing rockets. This is what space-faring nations are working at.

http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2006/0...11200451100.htm

[narathar]

[narathar]

ஜப்பானில் வடிவமைக்கப் பட்ட அடுத்த தலைமுறை சுபெர்சோனிக் ஜெட் விமானம்.

Next Generation Supersonic Transport (SST)

SST (Supersonic Transport)

The world's first supersonic jetliner, the famous Concorde, is now retired. The next generation supersonic jetliner is expected to greatly exceed its performance. It will reach speeds faster than Mach 2, while carrying three times as many passengers as the Concorde, traveling twice the cruising distance, producing 1/4 the nitrogen oxide emissions, and having noise levels no greater than today's conventional jumbo jets.

Using an innovative computer, JAXA has developed cutting-edge design technology for the next generation supersonic transporter that will carry more passengers safely with fewer emissions. The core plan for our project is to verify this technology by launching a small non-powered experimental airplane that will glide at supersonic speed by a rocket. We have already clarified the concept for this jet engine propelled plane, and its technological challenges. We will study its needs for the next two years without progressing to the development phase while continuing technological research.

http://www.jaxa.jp/missions/projects/engin...xt/index_e.html

[narathar]

அரோர என்னும் அமெரிக்க இராணுவ கைய்பெர்ஜெட் ஏற்கனவே பறப்பதாக இணயத்தில் வதந்திகள் உலாவுகின்றன.அதன் தோற்றம் இவ்வாறு இருக்கலாம் எனவும் கூறப்படுகிறது.இது மக் ஐந்தில் பறப்பதாகவும் சொல்ல படுகிறது.

For example, many have conjectured about the existence of a Mach 5 spy plane, the Aurora, that may be under development or perhaps already flying. If so, the Aurora may be a scramjet-powered design similar to the X-30 and X-43 research vehicles. An artist’s concept is shown below.

http://www.aerospaceweb.org/design/waverid.../examples.shtml